Norvasc (Amlodipine Besylate)
What is Norvasc
Norvasc, known generically as Amlodipine Besylate, is a medication classified as a calcium channel blocker (CCB). It is primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and chest pain (angina), and it can also be prescribed for certain types of coronary artery disease. Norvasc works by relaxing and widening the blood vessels, which makes it easier for the heart to pump blood and reduces its workload. This action lowers blood pressure, improves oxygen supply to the heart muscle, and decreases the frequency of angina attacks.
Norvasc is available in tablet form, typically in strengths of 2.5 mg, 5 mg, and 10 mg. Treatment with Norvasc does not cure high blood pressure or heart disease but helps control the symptoms and reduces the risk of complications such as stroke, heart attack, or kidney damage. For best results, it is usually taken once daily, with or without food.
Recommendations
Norvasc is commonly recommended in the following situations:
• Hypertension (high blood pressure): to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.
• Chronic stable angina: to decrease the frequency of chest pain episodes.
• Vasospastic (Prinzmetal’s) angina: to relax the coronary arteries and improve blood flow.
• Coronary artery disease: to reduce strain on the heart.
The dosage depends on the individual’s age, medical history, and response to treatment. For adults, the typical starting dose is 5 mg once daily, which may be adjusted up to 10 mg. In elderly patients or those with liver problems, a lower starting dose (2.5 mg) may be recommended.
Norvasc should be taken at the same time every day. It is not intended for immediate relief of acute chest pain—short-acting medications such as nitroglycerin are used in those cases.
Precautions and Contraindications
Before starting Norvasc, your healthcare provider will review your medical history. Norvasc may not be suitable for everyone. Caution is needed in cases of:
• Severe low blood pressure;
• Heart failure or reduced heart function;
• Liver disease, since the drug is metabolized in the liver;
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding (safety not fully established);
• Known allergy to amlodipine or other calcium channel blockers.
Patients should not stop taking Norvasc suddenly, as this can cause a rapid rise in blood pressure or worsening chest pain.
Interactions
Norvasc can interact with other medications, which may increase the risk of side effects or reduce its effectiveness. Inform your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you are taking. Common interactions include:
• Other blood pressure medications (e.g., beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors);
• Simvastatin (higher risk of muscle-related side effects; dose adjustment may be required);
• Cyclosporine or tacrolimus (levels may increase);
• Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, clarithromycin) that can raise amlodipine levels;
• Grapefruit juice, which may slightly increase drug concentration in the body.
A full medication list should always be reviewed to prevent harmful interactions.
Side Effects
Like any medication, Norvasc may cause side effects. Most are mild and temporary, but some can be more serious.
Common side effects:
• Swelling of ankles or feet (edema);
• Flushing;
• Headache;
• Dizziness or lightheadedness;
• Fatigue.
Less common but more serious side effects:
• Severe chest pain or worsening angina at the start of treatment;
• Irregular heartbeat;
• Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling of face or throat);
• Liver problems (yellowing of skin or eyes, dark urine).
If you experience severe chest pain, fainting, or difficulty breathing, seek immediate medical help.
Overdose
Taking too much Norvasc can be dangerous. Overdose symptoms may include:
• Severe dizziness or fainting;
• Extremely low blood pressure;
• Rapid or irregular heartbeat;
• Shock or loss of consciousness.
In case of suspected overdose, seek emergency medical help immediately. Treatment may include supportive care such as intravenous fluids, vasopressor medications, or activated charcoal to limit absorption.